Journal for Geometry and Graphics 29 (2025), No. 1, 079--088
Copyright by the authors licensed under CC BY SA 4.0
Steffen’s Flexible Polyhedron Is Embedded. A Proof via Symbolic Computations
Victor Alexandrov
Sobolev Institute of Mathematics, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
alex@math.nsc.ru
Evgenii Volokitin
Sobolev Institute of Mathematics, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
volok@math.nsc.ru
A polyhedron is flexible if it can be continuously deformed preserving the shape and dimensions of each face. In the late 1970's Klaus Steffen constructed a sphere-homeomorphic embedded flexible polyhedron with triangular faces and with 9 vertices only, which is well-known in the theory of flexible polyhedra. At about the same time, a hypothesis was formulated that the Steffen polyhedron has the least possible number of vertices among all embedded flexible polyhedra without boundary. A counterexample to this hypothesis was constructed by Matteo Gallet, Georg Grasegger, Jan Legersky, and Josef Schicho in 2024 only. Surprisingly, until now, no proof has been published in the mathematical literature that the Steffen polyhedron is embedded. Probably, this fact was considered obvious to everyone who made a cardboard model of this polyhedron. In this article, we prove this fact using computer symbolic calculations.
Keywords: Euclidean space, flexible polyhedron, embedded polyhedron, symbolic computations.
MSC: 52C25; 52B70, 51M20.
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